Or simply go through the following pages with links to the relevant articles
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Canary Islands Railings and Lamposts under conditions of moderate urban pollution and high to moderate coastal salt exposure.
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Paper originally delivered at the BSSA Conference ‘Stainless Solutions for a Sustainable Future’ held in Rotherham on 3rd April 2003. This paper discusses applications for stainless steels in beverage dairy and food, drinking water supply, medical devices and pharmaceutical industry applications. Chloride limits in waters for grade selection and metal ion release criteria are outlined. The EU Medical Device Directive sets criteria for medical devices that stainless steels can meet and the range of grades used for various devices is also discussed along with the scope of ISO standards 7153 and 5832, (surgical implants). The application of grades 1.4006, (410), 1.4021, (420), 1.4122, 1.4116 and 1.4125, (440C), martensitic, 1.4016, (430), ferritic, 1.4301, (304), 1.4305, (303), and 1.4401, (316), austenitic and 1.4462, (2205), and 1.4362, (2304) duplex grades in these industries is outlined.
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Paper originally delivered at the BSSA Conference ‘Stainless Solutions for a Sustainable Future’ held in Rotherham on 3rd April 2003. The paper considers the problem of durability with conventional construction materials in relation to concrete reinforcement and structural applications including bridges, but could be applied equally to other civil engineering structures. The UK Highways Agency advice note BA84/02 and BS 6744 are discussed in relation to reinforcement , pointing out the advantages of stainless steel as a concrete reinforcing steel. Durability and aesthetic appeal are advantages for stainless steels in structural applications. The paper gives a variety of examples where stainless steels have been used.
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This paper was originally published in The Structural Engineer, (Volume 82 Issue 9 4th May 2004), and reviews structural failures in swimming pool buildings, attributed to stress corrosion cracking of stainless steel and the progress made since it was identified where the risks of failure can occur. Pool building environments are reviewed in terms of water temperature, disinfection systems, (chlorine), humidity and condensation. Prevention of SCC, (stress corrosion cracking), failure is the joint responsibility of the designer, structural engineer and pool operator. Grade selection to avoid SCC involves considering grades such as 1.4547, 1.4529, 1.4565 or 1.4507 rather than the 1.4301, (304), and 1.4401 / 1.4404, (316), types, which are more suited to non stressed, non safety critical or load bearing applications.
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Paper originally delivered at the BSSA Conference ‘Stainless Solutions for a Sustainable Future’ held in Rotherham on 3rd April 2003. The main theme of this paper is the Deep Tunnel Sewer System and Changi Water Reprocessing Plant, currently under construction in Singapore. Stainless steels are used extensively throughout the plant that will provide a long-term sustainable future for the citizens of Singapore throughout this century. The role of stainless steels in Nuclear Reprocessing Plant, Desalination Plant and other water treatment projects is also touched briefly.
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This article describes what types of structural stainless steel sections are available and how they can be procured. It outlines what sections are available ex-stock and which may need to be made-to-order. Ranges of dimensions for hollow and bar sections are given.
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This paper was originally published in Stainless Steel Industry in December 2001 and reviews a range of building and construction projects, featuring stainless steels in both aesthetic and structural applications. Projects mentioned include the Bilbao Abandoibarra Bridge, Lloyds Building, (London), Petronas Towers, (Kuala Lumpur), the Court of Human Rights, (Strasbourg) and Waterloo Eurostar Terminal, (London), where the stainless steel had to meet a design life of 125 years. Applications for both austenitic and duplex types are discussed in structural, architectural, tunnel and road applications. Swimming pool, plumbing, (water), and chimney lining applications are also mentioned.
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The excellent corrosion resistance of stainless steels can provide society and industry with better water quality and reduced environmental impact at lower cost. A European seminar was organised in Brussels in November 2003 by Euro Inox and CeoCor to highlight the opportunities for more use of stainless steels in the treatment, storage and distribution of drinking water. The article is based on a paper given at the seminar, augmented by highlights of other presentations.
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Type 304 and 316 have given good performance in many sites worldwide and are suitable for the majority of applications, including distribution of drinking, (potable), water. However, where soils are particularly aggressive, alloys providing a higher level of resistance such as 2205 duplex or superaustenitic stainless steels may be required: alternatively external protection may be applied.
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Guidelines for the grade selection, design, fabrication, maintenance, cleaning and inspection of stainless steels items for use in swimming pool buildings. Avoidance of stress corrosion cracking, (SCC), of safety-critical, load-bearing components. (57)
