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Ambient temperature physical properties, including density, modulus of elasticity, (Young’s modulus), coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, specific heat, (heat content or heat capacity), and electrical resistivity for a range of ferritic, martensitic, austenitic and duplex stainless steel types are tabulated. Some explanation of the units used for these properties is given.
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The stiffness of a stainless steel component varies with the stress level, the stiffness decreasing as the stress level increases. Consequently deflections are greater in stainless steel beams than in carbon steel beams. This article explains how to calculate the deflection in a stainless steel beam. (206)
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This article highlights the differences between designing structural components in carbon steel to those in stainless steel. The stress-strain behaviour and mechanical properties are compared and the implications on structural behaviour described. (205)
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PLEASE NOTE THAT PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF THIS ARTICLE HAD A SIGNIFICANT ERROR IN THE VALUES SHOWN FOR PROOF STRENGTHS OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS. THE PRESENT ARTICLE HAS BEEN THOROUGHLY REVISED TO REFLECT THE VALUES GIVEN IN THE STANDARD. Design tensile stress values at temperatures up to 550°C are tabulated for all ferritic, martensitic and duplex types covered in the BS EN 10028-7 standard. Space limits the range of austenitic grades that can be conveniently displayed and so only a selection of some of the more ‘common’ the austenitic grade properties are included. Recommended annealing heat treatment temperatures for the steels covered are also tabulated.
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Young’s modulus and thermal expansion data is tabulated for a range of commonly used grades shown in BS EN 10088-1. More detailed ‘typical’ data follows for austenitic steel types only from the INCO publication ‘Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels-engineering properties at elevated temperatures’, including tensile and shear modulus data, Poisson’s ratio, density, thermal expansion, conductivity, specific heat and electrical resistivity.
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Mechanical properties of stainless steels to BS EN 10217-7 for welded stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes.
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BS EN 10151, (strip), and BS EN 10272-3, (wire), for springs are outlined. The grades in each standard are tabulated and compared to the BS 5770-4 and BS2056 which they replace, where grades such as 301S21, 301S81, 302S26, 302S25 and 305S11 were specified. Grades listed include 1.4016, 1.4021, 1.4028, 1.4031, 1.4568, (17/7 PH type), 1.4310, 1.4301, 1.4401, 1.4369, 1.4372 and 1.4568 Mechanical properties in the cold worked, (temper rolled for strip, drawn for wire), conditions are shown. Heat treated properties for precipitation hardening grade 1.4568 wire are also shown.
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Summary of links to websites for download of stainless steel grade datasheets
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Basic design data for the grades of stainless steel typically used in structural applications are presented. This includes design strength (py), expressed as the specified proof strength, Young’s modulus, (modulus of elasticity), Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, density, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Brief guidance on designing structural stainless steel is also given, where the differences between carbon steel and stainless steel’s buckling resistance and member deflections are explained. Grades listed include type 304, 304L, 316, 316L and 2205, European steel grades 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4462, duplex (141)
