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BS EN 10216-5 2004 is the European standard: Seamless stainless steel tubes for pressure purposes- Technical delivery conditions. It contains austenitic, duplex, creep resisting stainless steels. There are no ferritic, martensitic or heat resisting steels.
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The carbon ranges of ‘normal’ and ‘low’ carbon 304, (304L), and 316, (316L), types are compared. The effect of carbon on intercrystalline corrosion resistance and welding is also covered and why steel is often offered as a dual certified product. European grades, 1.4301, 1.4306, 1.4307, 1.4401, and 1.4404 are included in the comparisons.
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Grade 1.4571, (316Ti or 320S31), is essentially a standard carbon 316 type with titanium stabilisation and is similar in principle to the titanium stabilisation of the 304, (1.4301), type to produce 321, (1.4541). The role of the titanium alloy addition is discussed and is compared with the alternative low carbon 316 types. Comparisons of elevated temperature mechanical strength, pitting corrosion resistance, mechanical polishing and weldability are also made.
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This article compares the chemical composition of a number of 316 type grades as covered by the now superseded BS 1449 and BS 970 and their replacement, BS EN 10088 Parts 2 and 3. Grades covered include 316S11, 316S12, 316S13, 316S16, 316S31, 316S33, and European steel numbers, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4432, and 1.4436
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Grade 316Ti is a 316 type stainless steel, stabilised with titanium to reduce the risk of intergranular corrosion, (ICC). The 316L, 1.4404, or, 1.4432, grades can be considered as alternative choices. Under most conditions 316Ti and 316L are interchangeable, but the elevated temperature strength, corrosion resistance, machinability, cold-formability and polishing characteristics can affect the final choice of grade.
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The compositions, (chemical analysis), of cutlery and holloware steel types 18/8, (18.8 or 18-8), 18/10, (18.10 or 18-10), and 18/0 are described. The use of these austenitic and ferritic stainless steels for cutlery is briefly outlined and compared to the martensitic stainless steels. LAST UPDATED 1st February 2001
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Dual certification involving either multiple standards (EN or ASTM) or standard, e.g. 1.4301, and low carbon, e.g. 1.4307, grades for the same batch of steel is outlined. Full compliance of all product attributes certified on multiple standard certificates is unlikely. The concept of a primary certified standard is outlined.
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Duplex stainless steels are becoming more commonly used in a range of applications. This article explains the basic metallurgy and their advantages and disadvantages.
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A summary of the EN standards for stainless steel products showing which grades appear in which standards.
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Duplex Stainless Steels are growing at a high rate. It is important to understand how they differ from the more familiar stainless steels and how these differences affect the fabrication methods and parameters
