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Background information on the sources of chlorides within insulation materials is mentioned. The use of paint and aluminium foil barrier methods between the steel shell and insulation layer as a method of eliminating the risk of corrosion to the steel is also outlined.
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Is there a COSHH, (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health), information data sheet generally available for stainless steels to outline any risks associated with its handling, fabrication and use.
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A colour chart is shown for guidance on exposure temperatures on 1.4301, (304), type. The factors affecting the degree or depth of colours formed are outlined. These include steel composition, atmosphere, time and surface finish.
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Corrosion risks and selection of stainless steel grades for short-term service in molten aluminium, copper, lead, tin and zinc are discussed.
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Stainless steels are widely used for their good oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. Although other forms of attack, such as sulphidation and carburisation need to be considered in certain applications, oxidation is of primary importance. Oxidation resistance is dependent, primarily, on the chromium content of the steel. The strength of the steel at the intended service temperature is also important when selecting stainless steels for high temperature service.
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The affects of steel composition on the oxidation resistance of heat resisting stainless steels are discussed. The ferritic stainless steels can suffer strength and embrittlement problems. The austenitic types, 1.4845, (310), and, 1.4835, (253MA), are good all round choices for oxidation resistance. Maximum temperatures for intermittent service in dry air are lower than continuous service for austenitics. Moist air further reduces service temperatures.
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Paper originally delivered at the BSSA Conference ‘Stainless Solutions for a Sustainable Future’ held in Rotherham on 3rd April 2003. This paper discusses applications for stainless steels in beverage dairy and food, drinking water supply, medical devices and pharmaceutical industry applications. Chloride limits in waters for grade selection and metal ion release criteria are outlined. The EU Medical Device Directive sets criteria for medical devices that stainless steels can meet and the range of grades used for various devices is also discussed along with the scope of ISO standards 7153 and 5832, (surgical implants). The application of grades, 1.4006, (410), 1.4021, (420), 1.4122, 1.4116 and 1.4125, (440C), martensitic, 1.4016, (430), ferritic, 1.4301, (304), 1.4305, (303) and 1.4401, (316), austenitic, and 1.4462, (2205), and 1.4362, (2304), duplex grades in these industries is outlined.
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Paper originally delivered at the BSSA Conference ‘Stainless Solutions for a Sustainable Future’ held in Rotherham on 3rd April 2003. The main theme of this paper is the Deep Tunnel Sewer System and Changi Water Reprocessing Plant, currently under construction in Singapore. Stainless steels are used extensively throughout the plant that will provide a long-term sustainable future for the citizens of Singapore throughout this century. The role of stainless steels in Nuclear Reprocessing Plant, Desalination Plant and other water treatment projects is also touched briefly.
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The resistance to sulphur containing gasses is related to chromium content, in the same way as oxidation. High sulphur level fuel oils are not normally considered hazardous to stainless steels. Sulphur dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide liquid sulphur and sulphur vapour environments are discussed.
